by Antonino Zichichi (University of Bologna, Italy, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Italy, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland & World Federation of Scientists, Beijing, Geneva, Moscow, New York), O Barnabei (Bologna Academy of Sciences, Italy), P Pupillo (University of Bologna, Italy), & F Roversi Monaco (University of Bologna, Italy)

For the Galvani Bicentenary Celebrations, the University of Bologna and its Academy of Sciences singled out subnuclear physics as the field of scientific research to be associated with this important event, as it would best illustrate, for the new generation of students, the challenge inherent in fundamental sciences.

Subnuclear physics was born 50 years ago and has represented, ever since, the new frontiers of Galilean science. In his opening lecture delivered on the first day of the new academic year, Professor Antonino Zichichi analytically reviewed the basic conceptual developments and main discoveries achieved in subnuclear physics during the last 50 years. Given the importance of this field of fundamental research, Professor Zichichi was invited to expand the contents of his lecture into a book, and the outcome is this invaluable volume.

• Introduction:
  • Italy as an Example
  • The Old Big Problems Now
• Achievements in the Past Fifty Years:
  • A Telegraphic Synthesis: We Are All Children of the Dirac Equation — Antiparticles and Antimatter
  • From the Lamb-Shift to Scaling and to the Supersymmetry Threshold
  • From the π-Meson to the Third Family of Leptons
  • From the π⁰ to the ABJ Anomaly and to the Instantons
  • From the V⁰-Particles to Flavour Mixing, CP Violation and T Breaking
  • From the V⁰-Particles to SU(3)_ƒ and SU(3)_c
  • Topics Well Known to Me: Nuclear Antimatter (1965)
  • The Third Lepton (1960–1975)
  • The Effective Energy (1980–1984)
  • The Pseudoscalar Mesons and the Beppo Particle (1947–1997)
  • Unification and the SUSY Threshold (1979–1991–1993)
  • The Gap (1994)
  • The Basic Steps: The Renormalization Group Equations — RGEs
  • The Gauge Principle and the Fundamental Forces
  • The Physics of Imaginary Masses — SSB
  • Flavour Mixing, CP Violation and T Breaking
  • Anomalies and Instantons
  • Anomalies
  • Instantons
• The ELN Project:
  • The Steps Towards ELN
  • The ELN Conceptual Design
  • Results on Energy and Luminosity Limits
  • Superconducting Dipole Magnet Studies
  • R&D for Detectors
  • Physics Scenarios and Montecarlo Simulation Studies
  • Future Plans for Theoretical Studies
  • Working Group Structure
  • Why 200 TeV Now
  • Geophysical and Civil Engineering Studies for Cost-Estimates.