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INVENTION OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Untold Important Facts
by Arjun N Saxena (Emeritus Professor & Patroon, Rensselaer, USA)
Table of Contents (100k)
Foreword (82k)
Preface (152k)
Chapter 1: Introduction (497k)
This book is the first to give an authoritative and comprehensive account of the invention of Integrated Circuits (ICs) from an insider who had participated and contributed from the beginning of their invention and advancement to the Ultra Large Scale ICs (ULSICs) of today. It reads like a mystery novel to engross the reader, but it is not based on fiction; it gives documented facts of the invention of ICs, analyzes the patents, and highlights additional details and clarifications of their history.
In addition, the book clarifies the Nobel Prize award and raises intriguing questions which as yet remain unanswered even after about half a century since the ICs were invented. This is the invention which has revolutionized the whole world forever!
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Contents: |
- Discovery, Invention, Improvement, Patents and Publications
- Evolution of Miniaturization in Electronics: ICs to VLSICs to ULSICs and Beyond in the Future
- Monolithic vs. Hybrid Concepts in ICs
- Summary of the IC Fabrication, Inventions, Relevant Patent Filings and Issue Dates, and Methodology of Analyses and Numbering
- Hoerni and Lehovec Inventions
- Kilby's Invention of IC: Key Patents, Claims and Analyses
- Noyce's Invention of IC: Key Patent, Claims, and Analyses
- Other Efforts to Invent and/or Contribute to the Invention ICs
- Contributions of Kilby and Noyce Beyond the Invention and to Next Generation ICs
- Discussion
- Award of the Nobel Prize
- Moore's Law
- Growth of ICs and Impact on the Quality of Human Life
- Conclusions, Combined Summary, Historical Facts and Unanswered Questions
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| Readership: Technology researchers, developers, managers, patent lawyers, professors, undergraduate and graduate students in semiconductors, electrical and materials engineering, microelectronics, and everybody who is curious and inquisitive to find the truth of the invention of ICs which are in all the computers, cellular phones, i-Pods and other gadgets used by hundreds of millions of people all over the world. |
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“Professor Arjun Saxena has written a most comprehensive treatise on probably the most revolutionary invention of the 20th century. It gives all the details of the relevant patents and the cast of characters involved. There were certainly many who contributed to this effort over the years, as Arjun has well documented in great detail.” |
Julius Blank
Co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation
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“With the sharp eye of a detective, Professor Saxena has the proper perspective to understand who did what. The major value and credibility of his account is the fact that he was there when the invention was made, working in the field of semiconductors, and clearly understanding what was known and what was not at that time. Only his desire to discover the truth and his personal passion for such pursuit could justify the energy that Professor Saxena has spent in collecting and analyzing the voluminous information necessary to bring to the attention of the readers the detailed and intimate story of the invention of the integrated circuit.” |
Federico Faggin
Chairman Emeritus, Synaptics, Inc.
Co-inventor of the microprocessor |
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“The invention of the transistor led to the invention of the integrated circuit some 50 years ago. Those inventions made it possible to develop the personal computer which led to the industrial revolution of the 20th century or as better known, the digital revolution. There are numerous articles and books which describe and discuss the above events. However, none of them discusses in detail, the events which led to the invention of the IC the way that Professor Arjun Saxena has done in this book. Arjun in his book revealed many historic facts unknown to the general public or even most of the experts in the field. For those of us who would like to better understand the events which have led to a change in every day life and created new prosperity in North America, Europe and Asia, this book is a must.” |
Dan Maydan
President (Retired) of Applied Materials |
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“Professor Saxena's book makes a good case for a course on patents, or more broadly, intellectual property. It contains the beginnings of relevant case studies. In these days when so much of our technological advances occur in small newer companies, it would be very valuable to them to understand this end of their business.” |
Bob Norman
Formerly Director of Research, Fairchild Space & Defense Systems
Cofounder, General Microelectronics Founder, Nortec Electronics |
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“This book is the first and only in the literature to give a technically authoritative and historically in-depth, document-patent-based, correct account of the invention of the silicon monolithic integrated circuit, because the invention has been attributed to two inventors, each from a combating manufacturer in rivalry, with the eventual compromise stipulations ruled by the judge in a settlement reached in court, compounded subsequently by popularity recognition of the U.S. Presidential National Technology Award in Engineering and also the World's Nobel Prize in Applied Physics, all of which further confused the facts underlying the invention of the integrated circuits. It is hoped that this monograph puts an end to the stipulations and the reader-attracting tales about the IC invention history and its two rivals and colorful personal-life inventors.” |
Foreword by Chih-Tang Sah (Tom Sah)
The Founding editor of this ASSET series |
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“Our modern information society would not exist without the integrated circuit (IC), but who should we acknowledge as its inventor? The details of the early developments and patents have become shrouded in the mists of time, but in this book Prof. Saxena uses his first-hand knowledge of the birth of the IC era and his critical and detailed historical research to show that the answer to that question is not the commonly held view. A fascinating and compelling narrative.” |
Colin McAndrew
IEEE Fellow |
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“Interested in semiconductors? Read ‘INVENTION OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS’ by Arjun Saxena. The problems with most semiconductor histories are three fold. First, many authors are non-technical and really don't understand the intricacies of the technologies. Second, many have only met briefly (or not at all) with the people they speak of. Finally, almost none have closely reviewed the patents behind the technology.
Saxena's seminal book, ‘INVENTION OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS’ solves these shortcomings. Saxena holds a PhD in physics from Stanford, and his thesis was on coherent production of high-energy radiation using the single crystal properties of silicon. Secondly, Saxena was a very early hire of Fairchild Semiconductor, and worked side by side with Bob Noyce and the team that invented the planar process and the integrated circuit. Finally much of the book is a close examination of the patent claims of Noyce and Kilby. No question, this is the definitive history of the integrated circuit
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Rob Walker
Producer of the Stanford University Silicon Genesis oral histories |
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“In this meticulous and well-documented account, Arjun Saxena sorts out the tangled history of the invention of integrated circuits and offers an incisive critique of the award of half the 2000 Nobel Prize in physics to Jack Kilby for his ‘part in the invention of the IC’. Saxena persuasively argues that Bob Noyce (who died ten years before the 2000 award) invented the ‘monolithic’ silicon IC in wide use today, not Kilby, whose work involved no new physics, only the fabrication of several devices on a single piece of germanium and their interconnection by external wires. And even Noyce did no more than implement ideas that had been proposed some years earlier by others. As Noyce told Saxena shortly before his death: ‘Look Arjun, there was no light bulb flashing when I came up with the idea of monolithic ICs … I was simply in the right place at the right time surrounded by the right people with the right resources’.” |
Hans C Ohanian
Department of Physics, University of Vermont
and author of Einstein's Mistakes |
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“As has been written by the author, ‘the sole purpose is to help the present and the future generations to get the truth from documented facts for the first time in the history of literature, and benefit from them’, the value of the 500-page book exists in that it handles the fact in fair manner and also includes the published material very well. I hope it will be read and referred by many people not only in semiconductor but also people in other areas. People may have realized that several thousand-year history of the ancient world is re-found and rewritten every year because of the new findings and knowledge, so is the history of the integrated circuits, and the reader of the book may enjoy finding new facts for the future.” |
Toshiaki Masuhara
Executive Senior Vice President
Association of Super-Advanced Electronics Technologies (ASET)
Tokyo, Japan |
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| 564pp |
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Pub. date: Mar 2009 |
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| 564pp |
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Pub. date: Mar 2009 |
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